鸡传染性法氏囊病新型疫苗的研究进展

Advances in New Vaccine Researches of the Infectious Bursal Disease

关键词:  鸡传染性法氏囊病  鸡传染性法氏囊病病毒  疫苗

Key words:  Infectious bursal disease  Infectious bursal disease virus  Vaccines

摘要:

鸡传染性法氏囊病（IBD）是由鸡传染性法氏囊病病毒（IBDV）引起的雏鸡的一种高度接触性传染病，自1962年报道以来，世界上主要养禽国家和地区均有流行，给养禽业带来严重经济损失。目前，IBD防控的主要方法是采用疫苗接种，使易感雏鸡获得主动或被动免疫保护，因此疫苗的质量对临床上IBD的防控起着至关重要的作用。虽然各国均有较好的商品化疫苗，但随着IBDV毒株的不断变异，商品化疫苗的抗原性与流行毒株不能完全匹配，临床上免疫失败时有发生，因此迫切需要研发与临床流行毒株相匹配的新型疫苗用于IBD的防控。本文对近期IBD的基因缺失苗、亚单位疫苗、DNA疫苗以及活载体疫苗等新型疫苗的研究进展进行概述，以此为IBD新型疫苗的研究提供参考。

Abstract:

Infectious bursal disease (IBD) is a highly contagious infectious disease of chickens caused by infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV). The disease, first described by Cosgrove in 1962, has been popular and caused serious economic losses in poultry regions and countries. Vaccination is currently considered as a viable option to control IBD, which can stimulate active or passive immune protection for the susceptible chickens. Thus, the quality of the vaccines is critical in clinic prevention. Because of the mutation of the IBDV strains, the poor antigenic match between the commercialized vaccine and the epidemic strains often leads to immune failure. Therefore, it is urgent to develop effective vaccines against IBD. In order to provide a reference for the development of new vaccines, this review summarizes the recent advances of IBD vaccines such as IBD gene deletion vaccine, live virus vector vaccine and so on.