非洲猪瘟病毒对宿主自噬作用研究进展

Research on Process of the Role of African Swine Fever Virus on Host Autophagy

关键词:  非洲猪瘟病毒  巨自噬  自噬作用

Key words:  African swine fever virus  macroautophagy  autophagy

摘要:

自噬是真核细胞一种非常保守的溶酶体对蛋白质和细胞器降解过程。自噬的主要作用机制是饥饿时降解蛋白质等提供能量保持机体能量守恒、清除损伤衰老的细胞器和错误折叠的蛋白质以及吞噬入侵机体的病原体等，在维持细胞稳态、宿主代谢等方面发挥着重要的作用。非洲猪瘟是一种急性、高致死性的疾病，目前尚无有效的商品化疫苗或者药物可用于防治非洲猪瘟。研究发现非洲猪瘟部分基因会抑制自噬反应的发生，从而抑制先天免疫反应。缺失这些基因的毒株不仅毒力降低，而且感染宿主后会促进自噬反应引起强烈的免疫反应。因此研究非洲猪瘟病毒与自噬的作用机制，对非洲猪瘟病毒疫苗的研发具有重要作用。从细胞自噬以及非洲猪瘟病毒部分基因对自噬的影响两个方面进行概述，以期为非洲猪瘟自噬作用机制研究和非洲猪瘟疫苗研发提供理论支持。

Abstract:

Autophagy is a very conservative lysosomal degradation process of proteins and organelles in eukaryotic cells. The main mechanism of autophagy is to degrade proteins to provide energy to maintain the energy conservation of the organism during starvation, to remove damaged and senescent organelles and misfolded proteins, and to phagocytose pathogens invading the organism. It plays an important role in maintaining cellular homeostasis and host metabolism. African swine fever is an acute, highly lethal disease, and there is no effective commercialized vaccine or drug available for the control of African swine fever. It has been found that some genes of African swine fever inhibit the occurrence of autophagy and thus suppress the innate immune response. Strains missing these genes are not only less virulent, but also promote autophagy to cause a strong immune response when infecting the host. Therefore, studying the mechanism of African swine fever virus and autophagy plays an important role in the development of African swine fever virus vaccines. This review provides an overview of cellular autophagy and the effects of some African swine fever virus genes on autophagy, with the aim of providing theoretical support for the study of the mechanism of the role of autophagy in African swine fever and the development of an African swine fever vaccine.