尼帕病毒检测技术研究进展

Research progress of Nipah virus detection technology

关键词:  尼帕病毒  血清学诊断方法  分子学诊断方法  新兴技术

Key words:  Nipah virus  Serological diagnostic methods  Molecular diagnostic methods  Emerging technology

摘要:

尼帕病毒（Nipah virus, NiV）是一种人畜共患的高致病性病毒，人感染NiV后，死亡率接近40%；猪作为中间宿主，感染NiV后具有高发病率和高死亡率特点。近年来，NiV疫情在我国相邻的多个东南亚国家频繁出现，预示该病传入我国风险日益增高。本研究阐述了近年来NiV在血清学诊断和分子学诊断技术方面的研究进展，包括临床常用的传统技术，以及重组蛋白ELISA、Luminex、二代测序等新兴诊断方法，为临床样本中NiV的鉴定和监测方法更新换代提供参考，对监测NiV从国外的传入情况、防控猪群NiV疫情发生以及守护公共卫生安全具有重大意义。

Abstract:

Nipah virus (NiV) was a highly pathogenic zoonotic virus with a mortality rate of nearly 40%. Pig, as the intermediate hosts, has a high morbidity and mortality after NiV infection. In recent years, NiV epidemic occurred frequently in many neighboring Southeast Asian countries, indicating the increasing risk of NIV introduced into China. In this study, the research progress of NiV in serological and molecular diagnostic techniques in recent years was reviewed, including traditional techniques commonly used in clinic and emerging diagnostic methods such as recombinant protein ELISA, Luminex, second-generation sequencing and so on, so as to provide reference for the upgrading of detection methods for NiV identification and monitoring in clinical samples. It is of great significance for monitoring the transmission of NiV from abroad, preventing and controlling the occurrence of NiV in swine and protecting public health security.