副黏病毒糖蛋白的结构与功能研究进展

Research Progress on Structure and Function of Paramyxovirus Glycoproteins

关键词:  副黏病毒  附着蛋白  融合蛋白

Key words:  Paramyxovirus  Hemagglutinin protein  Fusion protein

摘要:

副黏病毒是一类包含多种能引起人和动物严重疾病的负链RNA病毒。其病毒颗粒囊膜上排列有两种糖蛋白，分别是识别并结合宿主受体的附着蛋白(hemagglutinin neuraminidase/hemagglutinin/glycoprotein，HN/H/G)和介导病毒颗粒囊膜与宿主细胞膜融合的融合蛋白(fusion protein，F)。这两种糖蛋白通过与病毒受体及细胞膜的互相作用介导了病毒与宿主细胞的特异性识别、结合及融合过程，最终使病毒基因组进入宿主细胞质开启复制过程。由于糖蛋白是主要的病毒抗原及中和抗体靶点，因此近年来对副黏病毒糖蛋白的研究在不断的深入探索。就副黏病毒糖蛋白在其结构、功能及其相互作用方面的研究进展进行了综述，以期为治疗性抗体和疫苗的合理开发提供理论基础。

Abstract:

Paramyxoviruses are a group of negative-stranded RNA viruses that contain a variety of viruses capable of causing severe disease in humans and animals. Two glycoproteins are arranged on the vesicle membrane of their viral particles, an attachment protein (hemagglutinin-neuraminidase/hemagglutinin/glycoprotein, HN/H/G) that recognizes and binds to the host receptor, and a fusion protein (fusion protein, F) that mediates the fusion of the vesicle membrane of the viral particles with that of the host cell. These two glycoproteins mediate the specific recognition, binding and fusion of viruses with host cells through interactions with viral receptors and cell membranes, and ultimately allow the viral genome to enter the host cytoplasm to initiate the replication process. Since glycoproteins are major viral antigenic and neutralizing antibody targets, paramyxovirus glycoproteins have been continuously explored in recent years. The research progress of paramyxovirus glycoproteins in terms of their structures, functions and interactions is reviewed, to provide a theoretical basis for the rational development of therapeutic antibodies and vaccines.