包合技术增强抗菌药物抗菌疗效研究进展

Research Progress of Inclusion Technology to Improve the Antibacterial Effect of Antibacterial Drugs

关键词:  纳米技术  耐药性  抗菌药物  抗菌机制

Key words:  inclusion technology  antibacterial drug  antibacterial activity  drug resistance

摘要:

细菌性疾病严重危害动物机体健康，影响畜牧养殖业经济利润。抗菌药物已诱导多种细菌产生耐药性，这在一定程度上降低了其治疗效果。然而，通过提高抗菌药物使用剂量以加强疗效不仅容易引起毒副作用，还易导致药物残留。因此，寻找新方案来提升传统抗菌药物的抗菌活性成为药物研究者工作重点。以传统抗菌药物作为客体分子，利用包合技术将其同价格低廉的环糊精等主体分子制成包合物，可改善药物理化性质及抗菌活性，显示出良好发展前景。包合物不仅能改善药物溶解性、稳定性，还兼具备缓释效果，可有效提高抗菌药物生物利用度。同时，其还能与细菌膜结合，协助抗菌药物穿越膜结构，最终提高药物抗菌效果并降低抗菌药物使用剂量。本文将从包合技术的发展历史、增强抗菌药物活性应用现状以及提高抗菌药物药效学机制三个方面进行总结，以期为兽药研究者提供有效的借鉴。

Abstract:

Bacterial diseases seriously endanger the health of animals and affect the economic profits of animal husbandry. Antibacterial drug have induced a variety of bacteria to produce drug resistance, which reduces its therapeutic effect to a certain extent. However, increasing the dosage of antibacterial drug to enhance the therapeutic effect is not only easy to cause toxic and side effects, but also lead to drug residues. Therefore, looking for new schemes to improve the antibacterial activity of traditional antibacterial drug has become the focus of drug researchers. Taking traditional antibacterial drugs as guest molecules and using inclusion technology to make inclusion complexes with low-cost host molecules such as cyclodextrin can improve the physicochemical properties and antibacterial activity of drugs, which shows a good development prospect. Inclusion complexes can not only improve the solubility and stability of drugs, but also have sustained-release effect, which can effectively improve the bioavailability of antibacterial drug. At the same time, it can also bind to the bacterial membrane to assist antibacterial drug to cross the membrane structure, ultimately improve the antibacterial effect and reduce the dosage of antibacterial drugs. This paper will summarize the inclusion technology, including its development history, application status of enhancing the activity of antibacterial drugs and improving the pharmacodynamics mechanism of antibacterial drugs, in order to provide effective reference for veterinary drug researchers.