牛结节性皮肤病的生物安全防控

Biosafety, Prevention and Control of Lumpy Skin Disease

关键词:  牛结节性皮肤病  生物安全  传播方式  疫苗接种

Key words:  Lumpy skin disease, biosafety, transmission pattern, vaccination

摘要:

牛结节性皮肤病（LSD）是《中华人民共和国进境动物检疫疫病名录》中的一类传染病，在新疆出现之后迅速在全国范围扩散，对我国的奶牛和肉牛养殖业造成严重经济损失。LSD主要通过在边境地区的动物贸易或虫媒活动传入未发生疫情的国家，疫苗接种被认为是防控 LSD疫情最有效的方法之一。各国根据本土疫情的传播情况，制定了不同的疫苗接种计划，目前用来预防LSD的疫苗主要为针对不同病原的减毒活疫苗。但是，在防控LSD的同时也造成了生物安全风险，导致重组疫苗样毒株引发的疫情从中亚向东亚迅速蔓延。只有将切断传播途径、保护易感动物和管控生物安全相结合，才能有效预防LSD疫情爆发，促进养殖业的繁荣发展。

Abstract:

Lumpy skin disease (LSD) is the type Ⅰ infectious disease in the "List of Quarantined Diseases of Entry Animals in the People"s Republic of China". It quickly spread across the country after emerged in Xinjiang, causing serious damage to the domestic dairy cow and beef cattle breeding. The introduction of LSD into the LSD-free country is mainly through trades in animals and animal products or activities of insects in the border area. Vaccination is considered to be one of the most effective methods to prevent and control LSD epidemics. Various vaccination plans were formulated based on the spread of local epidemics in different countries. Currently, the live attenuated vaccines against different pathogens were widely used to prevent LSD worldwide, which have also caused risks in biosafety during preventing and controlling LSD. The epidemic caused by the recombinant vaccine-like virus spread rapidly from Central Asia to East Asia. LSD can be effectively prevented by the combination of cutting off the routes of transmission, protecting susceptible animals and biosafety management, which will promote the prosperity and development of the breeding.