市售5种消毒剂对舍饲鸭场的杀菌效果评价

Evaluation of the sterilization effect of 5 kinds of disinfectants on the duck farm

关键词:  微生物菌落  消毒剂  细菌  杀菌效果

Key words:  microbial colonies  disinfectants  bacteria  bactericidal effect

摘要:

为了解贵州省某舍饲鸭场环境中菌落分布情况以及市售五种常用消毒剂(苯扎溴铵、月苄三甲氯铵、复方戊二醛、戊二醛癸甲溴铵、聚维酮碘)的灭菌效果。通过采集鸭场空气、粪便、垫料、饮水样本进行菌落总数测定；分别配制最小杀菌浓度的苯扎溴铵、月卞三甲氯铵、复方戊二醛及戊二醛癸甲溴铵4种消毒剂,采用雾线、喷洒消毒方式对舍饲鸭场空气、漏缝地板、料槽、蛋框及运输车车轮进行现场消毒；配制最小杀菌浓度的聚维酮碘,采用涂抹方式对鸭蹼部皮肤进行涂抹消毒；最后分别测定鸭场空气、漏缝地板、料槽、蛋框、运输车车轮及鸭蹼样本消毒前后的菌落总数并计算5种消毒剂对细菌的杀菌率。结果显示：舍饲鸭场空气菌落总数为3.79×10⁴ CFU/m³,超出NY/T 388-1999畜禽场环境质量标准规定数值(25000 CFU/m³)；粪便菌落总数为2.67×10⁷ CFU/g,超出GB18596-2001畜禽养殖业污染物排放标准规定数值(1.03×10⁶CFU/g)；垫料菌落总数为3.7×10⁶CFU/g,超出NY/T1167-2006畜禽场环境质量及卫生控制规范规定的清洁土壤数值(5×10⁴CFU/g)；饮水菌落总数为12 CFU/mL,符合GB 5749-2006生活饮用水卫生标准(100CFU/mL)。5种消毒剂对鸭场进行现场消毒试验,复方戊二醛对漏缝地板、蛋框、运输车车轮的细菌杀菌率最高,分别为96.78%、81.31%、87.5%；戊二醛癸甲溴铵对鸭舍空气、料槽的细菌杀菌率最高,分别为34.85%、74.35%；聚维酮碘对鸭蹼部皮肤细菌杀菌率为72.45%；4种消毒剂对漏缝地板、料槽、蛋框、运输车车轮消毒效果良好,对空气的消毒效果不理想；聚维酮碘对鸭蹼部皮肤消毒效果不理想。结果表明：该舍饲鸭场存在大量超过国标菌落总数的安全隐患,通过对该鸭场微生物菌落计数及现场消杀试验,在一定程度将菌落总数控制在了合理范围。研究结果旨在为掌握舍饲鸭场微生物菌落分布情况,制定舍饲鸭场消毒程序以及科学防控养鸭场细菌性疾病提供参考依据。

Abstract:

In order to understand the distribution of colonies in the environment of a duck feeding farm in Guizhou Province and the five commonly used disinfectants on the market (benzalkonium bromide, benzalkonium chloride, compound glutaraldehyde, glutaraldehyde decamethyl ammonium bromide, poly Vividone iodine) sterilization effect. To determine the total number of colonies by collecting air, feces, bedding materials, and drinking water samples from duck farms; prepare 4 kinds of disinfection with minimum bactericidal concentration of benzalkonium bromide, trimethyl ammonium chloride, compound glutaraldehyde and glutaraldehyde decamethonium bromide respectively Use fog line and spray disinfection methods to disinfect the air, slatted floor, trough, egg frame and transport vehicle wheels on the duck feeding farm; prepare povidone iodine with the minimum bactericidal concentration, and apply smearing method to duck webs. The skin was smeared and disinfected; finally, the total number of colonies before and after disinfection of the duck farm air, slatted floor, feeding trough, egg frame, transport cart wheel and duck web samples were measured and the sterilization rate of the five disinfectants on bacteria was calculated. The results showed that the total number of air colonies in the duck farm was 3.79×104 CFU/m3, which exceeded the value specified in the NY/T 388-1999 standard (25000 CFU/m3); the total number of fecal colonies was 2.67×107 CFU/g , Exceeding the value specified in the GB18596-2001 standard (1.03×106CFU/g); the total number of bedding materials colonies is 3.7×106CFU/g, exceeding the NY/T1167-2006 standard(5×104CFU/g); the total number of drinking water bacterial colonies is 12 CFU/mL, which meets the GB 5749-2006 standard (100CFU/mL). Five disinfectants were tested on the duck farm. Compound glutaraldehyde has the highest bacterial sterilization rate on slatted floors, egg frames, and truck wheels, which are 96.78%, 81.31%, and 87.5% respectively; glutaraldehyde decamethyl bromide Ammonium has the highest bacteria sterilization rate on duck house air and feeding trough, respectively 34.85% and 74.35%; povidone iodine sterilization rate on duck web skin bacteria is 72.45%; 4 kinds of disinfectants affect slatted floor, feed trough, The disinfection effect of the egg frame and the wheel of the transporter is good, but the disinfection effect of the air is not ideal; the disinfection effect of povidone iodine on duck webs is not ideal. The results showed that the duck farm has a large number of safety hazards that exceed the total number of bacterial colonies in the national standard. Through the count of microbial colonies in the duck farm and the field sterilization test, the total number of bacterial colonies was controlled to a certain extent in a reasonable range. The results of the study are intended to provide a reference for understanding the distribution of microbial colonies in duck farms, formulating disinfection procedures for duck farms, and scientifically preventing and controlling bacterial diseases in duck farms.