我国部分地区乳房炎奶样中大肠杆菌的分离鉴定及耐药性分析

Isolation, Identification and Drug Resistance Analysis of Escherichia coli in Mastitis Milk Samples from Some Regions in China

关键词:  奶牛乳房炎  大肠杆菌  药敏试验  耐药性

Key words:  dairy cow mastitis  Escherichia coli  drug sensitive test  drug resistance

摘要:

为了解我国部分地区奶牛乳房炎奶样中大肠杆菌的耐药情况，以指导牛场合理使用抗生素，提高治疗效果和畜产品质量，从全国六个省市自治区采取158例奶牛乳房炎的奶样，对奶样中的大肠杆菌进行分离纯化与鉴定，并进行药敏试验。结果显示，158份奶样中，共分离出38株大肠杆菌，其中黑龙江18株(分离率为36.0%)、上海3株(分离率6.0%)、北京3株(分离率27.2%)、新疆10株(分离率33.3%)、山东4株(分离率26.7%)、陕西0株(分离率0)。药敏试验显示，磺胺异噁唑耐药率最高，为73.7%；环丙沙星、诺氟沙星、四环素、链霉素药物的敏感率最高，为100%。分离菌株最多耐13种药物，最少耐4种药物，呈现多重耐药性。不同种类的抗生素中，上海和山东对β-内酰胺类药物和氯霉素类药物以及黑龙江、上海和新疆对磺胺类药物的耐药情况比较严重，耐药率高达50%以上。结果表明，各地区分离株对多种抗菌药物产生了不同程度耐药性和多重耐药，临床兽医在治疗时应注意合理用药，提高疗效和畜产品质量，减少耐药性的产生。

Abstract:

The article is aimed to understand the drug resistance of Escherichia coli in the dairy milk samples in part of China, guide the farm to use antibiotics reasonably and improve the therapeutic effect and the quality of animal products.158 mastitis milk samples were taken from six provinces. The Escherichia coli in milk was purified and identified by the drug sensitivity test. The results showed that 38 strains of Escherichia coli were isolated from 158 milk samples, including 18 strains in Heilongjiang (36.0%), 3 strains in Shanghai (6.0%), 3 strains in Beijing (27.2%), 10 strains in Xinjiang (33.3%), 4 strains in Shandong(26.7%), none in Shanxi (0). The drug sensitivity test showed that the resistance rate of sulfisoxazole was the highest at 73.7%, Ciprofloxacin, norfloxacin, tetracycline and streptomycin drugs had the highest sensitivity rate at 100%. The isolated strains were resistant to a maximun of 13 drugs and a minimun of 4 drugs, which showed multiple drug resistance. For different types of antibiotics, the resistance of β-lactams and chloramphenicols drugs in Shanghai and Shandong province was serious, and sulfonamides in Heilongjiang, Shanghai and Xinjiang were more serious, with a drug resistance rate of more than 50%, the results showed that isolates in various regions have different degrees of resistance and multiple drug resistance. Clinical veterinarians should pay attention to the rational use of drugs during treatment to improve the efficacy and quality of animal products and reduce the emergence of drug resistance.