动物布鲁氏菌Rev.1疫苗研究进展

Progress of B. melitensis Rev.1 vaccine

关键词:  布鲁氏菌病  Rev.1疫苗

Key words:  brucellosis  B. melitensis Rev.1 vaccine

摘要:

布鲁氏菌病（布病）是由布鲁氏菌引起的一种重要的人畜共患病，对公共卫生有着巨大的威胁。布鲁氏菌Rev.1疫苗研制于上世纪50年代中期，并在欧洲、中东和蒙古等地区被广泛应用于小反刍动物布病的防控，一度被认为是防控小反刍动物布病最为有效的疫苗。但是，由于Rev.1疫苗存在毒力偏强及毒力不稳定等现象，其安全性仍值得关注。本文主要从Rev.1疫苗背景及其菌株的生物学特性、疫苗使用情况以及存在的不足等几个方面进行阐述，以期为Rev.1疫苗的应用和布鲁氏菌相关疫苗的开发提供借鉴。

Abstract:

Brucellosis is a damaging zoonosis caused by brucella, threatening the public health seriously. B. melitensis Rev.1 vaccine was developed by Elberg and Herzberg in the mid-1950s, and has been administrated to control the prevalence of brucellosis in Europe, Middle East, Mongolia and many other regions since it was developed. Rev.1 has ever been considered the best available vaccine against brucellosis on rams. Though Rev.1 vaccine has been of paramount importance in the control of brucellosis, it still has many disadvantages, such as virulence enhancement. This article review the background, the utilization and the drawbacks of the Rev.1 vaccine to provide reference for the development of brucellosis vaccine.