五种抗菌药物从猪、鸡饲料至有机肥中的药物残留迁移规律研究

Research on the Migration Regularity of 5 Antibiotics Residue from Swine and Chicken Feedstuff to Organic Fertilizer

关键词:  抗菌药物  畜禽粪便  残留迁移规律  液相色谱-串联质谱法  堆肥发酵

Key words:  antibiotics  manure of livestock and poultry  migration regularity of residue  LC-MS/MS  compost fermentation

摘要:

为研究抗菌药物从饲料向畜禽粪肥转移的残留迁移规律，将40头猪和200羽鸡分为饲喂组和空白对照组进行饲喂对照实验和粪便堆肥发酵实验，其中空白对照组使用普通全价饲料，饲喂组在饲料中加入盐酸金霉素50 mg/kg、磷酸泰乐菌素50 mg/kg、磺胺对甲氧嘧啶各50 mg/kg、恩诺沙星150 mg/kg、二甲氧苄啶10 mg/kg，每日及时对各组实验动物粪便进行采集，样品经提取和净化后使用液相色谱-串联质谱进行分析定量。所得结果表明，猪、鸡饲喂含多种抗生素饲料后粪便中可以检出抗菌药物原型，其可能进入有机肥料发酵制作的环节。参照猪、鸡粪便中排出抗菌药物含量峰值建立模型对发酵期间粪肥中抗菌药物含量进行采样测定，结果显示，恩诺沙星、泰乐菌素和二甲氧苄啶在堆肥过程中会由于温度升高和氧化作用发生降解，其半衰期在5周左右，到10周后其含量低于检测限；但金霉素和磺胺对甲氧嘧啶被少量降解，残留迁移风险较高。

Abstract:

To determine the migration regularity of antibiotics residue from swine and chicken feedstuff to organic fertilizer, 40swines and 200 chickens were selected and divided into two groups to do the feeding tests and fermentation experiments. The blank group was fed with only complete feed, while the test group was fed with the complete feed with 50 mg/kg chlortetracycline hydrochloride, 50 mg/kg tylosin phosphate, 50 mg/kg sulfametoxydiazine, 150 mg/kg enrofloxacin and 10 mg/kg trimethoprim. The manure was collected in time every day, and the sample was extracted and purified,before it was analyzed by the LC-MS. The results indicated that the antibiotics residue could be tested in manure after the swine and chicken were fed with antibiotics feedstuff, and it was able to enter the manufacture of organic fertilizer. The manure models were established according to the top value of the antibiotics residue in test group manure. The fermentation experiments were done to determine the residue of antibiotics in manure. The results indicated that enrofloxacin, tylosin phosphate and trimethoprim would be degraded by the rise of temperature and oxidation with a half-life of 5 weeks and they would be lower than limit of detection after 10 weeks. But chlortetracycline hydrochloride and sulfametoxydiazine would be less degraded with a higher risk of residue migration.