猪圆环病毒2型分子流行病学及疫苗研究进展

Update Insights to the Molecular Epidemiology and Vaccine of Porcine Circovirus Type 2

关键词:  猪圆环病毒2型  分子流行病学  PCV2b  基因型  疫苗

Key words:  porcine circovirus type 2  molecular epidemiology  PCV2b  genotype  vaccine

摘要:

猪圆环病毒2型(PCV2)在世界范围内广泛分布，主要以PCV2a和PCV2b两种基因型为主，PCV2b亚型为当前流行基因型。现有商品化疫苗主要针对PCV2a型病毒，也可对PCV2b型病毒产生部分交叉保护，但不能显著控制PCV2b型病毒在猪群中的传播。除此之外，由于已有的商品化疫苗以传统疫苗为主，存在种毒增殖难、疫苗生产周期长等缺点。因此，研发PCV2b新型疫苗可能成为未来PCV2疫苗研制的主要方向。对PCV2的分子流行病学及疫苗研究现状进行了综述，以期为PCV2疫苗的研究提供参考。

Abstract:

Porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) has been highly prevalent in commercial swine herds of the world, which can be classified into two major types: PCV2a and PCV2b. PCV2b is the main dominant genotype now. Although commercial vaccines mainly based on PCV2a have partially cross-protection against PCV2b, the prevalence of PCV2b could not be controlled significantly. Furthermore, traditional vaccine with disadvantages of lower cultivation titer and longer production period is the major type of PCV2 vaccines. Therefore, novel vaccines based on PCV2b genotype will be probable the main research trend in the future. In this review, we discussed the molecular epidemiology of PCV2 and current research of PCV2 vaccines in order to provide insight of novel approaches that were useful in R&D of new PCV2 vaccines.