兽用抗生素的作用与地位

The role and status of veterinary antibiotics

关键词:  兽用抗生素  现代养殖  动物疾病  人畜共患病  生态环境

Key words:  Veterinary antibiotic  modern animal breeding  animal diseases  zoonotic disease  ecological environment

摘要:

在现代集约化规模化畜禽动物和水产养殖业中，抗生素是防控动物疾病、保障养殖生产的基础物质，是预防和治疗动物细菌病、寄生虫病和病毒病继发感染不可替代的物质，在人畜共患细菌病和寄生虫病防控中发挥独特作用。兽用抗生素是改善动物生产性能、提高养殖效率的关键技术；具有改善饲料利用率、促进动物生长、提高动物繁殖性能、降低生产成本、增加动物性产品产量、促进养殖业发展，满足消费者需求的多方面作用。兽用抗生素还是保护生态环境的有效工具，能促进养分高效利用、降低富营养物排放，控制动物消化道异常发酵、减少温室气体排放。如同动物的品种和饲料，抗生素是现代养殖业不可或缺的支柱性基础物质。

Abstract:

In modern intensive large-scale livestock breading and aquaculture，Veterinary antibiotic has played an unique and irreplaceable role in prevention and control of animal diseases and zoonotic disease caused by bacteria, parasite and secondary infection of viral disease. The antibiotics has also played multifaceted role in increasing farming and feed efficiency, in promoting animal growth, in improving animal production and performance, in reducing production costs and in improving animal reproductive performance. Antibiotics become the most important substances and key technology for protecting of industrial development, improving animal products quality to meat the consumer demand. Veterinary antibiotics are still effective tool to protect the ecological environment, because they could promote the efficient use of nutrients, reduce eutrophication emissions, control abnormal fermentation in animal digestive tract and reduce greenhouse gas emissions. Like animal species and feed, veterinary antibiotics are the irreplaceable and basic substances in the modern animal breeding industry.