我国已上市动物布鲁氏菌病活疫苗的概况及新型疫苗研究方向

A Comprehensive Overview of Approved Animal Brucellosis Live Attenuated Vaccines in China and Novel Vaccine Research Direction

关键词:  布鲁氏菌病  减毒活疫苗  基因缺失疫苗

Key words:  brucellosis  live vaccine  novel vaccine

摘要:

布鲁氏菌病(布病)是由布鲁氏菌引起的重要人畜共患传染病，严重危害公共卫生安全。疫苗免疫是预防布病的重要措施之一。目前我国已经获批上市的布鲁氏菌病疫苗共有七种，分别是S2株、M5/M5-90株、M5-90Δ26株、Rev.1株、A19株、A19ΔVirB12株和BA0711株。对上述疫苗的背景、免疫程序、基因组及保护力等方面进行系统阐述，旨在为动物布鲁氏菌活疫苗选用提供指导，并针对现有疫苗的优缺点，展望未来研发安全、高效、可鉴别诊断、不感染人的新型疫苗方向。

Abstract:

Brucellosis, a severe zoonotic infectious diseases affecting humans and animals in China, poses a significant public health security challenge globally. The incidence of brucellosis in human is closely associated with animal cases. Therefore, implementing effective control measures against brucellosis in livestock is vital for disease management in China. Vaccination has proven to be an effective intervention strategy. So far, China has approved seven brucellosis vaccines: S2 strain, M5/M5-90 strain, M5-90Δ26 strain, Rev.1 strain, A19 strain, A19ΔVirB12 strain and BA0711 strain. This article offers a comprehensive overview of the vaccines, including their background, usage, immunization conditions, vaccine genomes, and protective efficacy. Moreover, this study delves into the potential advancements in the development of novel vaccines that are safe, efficient, capable of differential diagnosis, and non-infectious to individuals. By thoroughly examining the strengths and weaknesses of current vaccines, the research aims to offer valuable insights for the successful implementation of vaccination programs and provide a foundation for future vaccine innovation.