非洲猪瘟病毒的感染与排毒研究进展

Research on the Infection and Detoxification of African Swine Fever Virus

关键词:  非洲猪瘟病毒  临床症状  感染  带毒  排毒

Key words:  African swine fever virus  Clinical symptoms  Infection  Poisonous  Detoxification

摘要:

非洲猪瘟（African swine fever，ASF）是由非洲猪瘟病毒（African swine fever virus，ASFV）引起的急性、热性传染病，发病快，病死率高。ASF于1921年在肯尼亚首次发现，2018年传入我国，给我国生猪养殖业带来巨大挑战。从最初的基因Ⅱ型强毒株，陆续发现了弱毒株、基因Ⅰ型、基因Ⅰ型和基因Ⅱ型重组毒株，对ASF的防控和根除愈发困难。目前并无安全有效的商业化疫苗和抗病毒药物，只能采取早期诊断对感染动物进行扑杀等措施进行防控。删除相关毒力基因的重组毒株对于开发减毒活疫苗有着重要意义，但其安全性和稳定性需要进一步研究。ASF的临床症状与所感染毒株类型有关，强毒株致病率和病死率达100%，野猪比家猪更易感染ASFV。本文主要针对ASF的感染途径、不同毒株感染后的临床表现以及带毒排毒规律等方面进行综述，对病毒早期的诊断、监测具有重要意义。

Abstract:

African swine fever is an acute, febrile infectious disease caused by the African swine fever virus, which occurs quickly and has a high mortality rate. ASF was first discovered in Kenya in 1921 and was introduced to China in 2018, posing a huge challenge to China"s pig farming industry. From the initial genotype II virulent strains, the attenuated strains, genotype I, genotype I and genotype II recombinant strains have been discovered, making it increasingly difficult to prevent and eradicate ASF. At present, there are no safe and effective commercial vaccines or antiviral drugs, and only early diagnosis and measures such as culling infected animals can be taken for prevention and control. ?It is important for the development of live attenuated vaccine to delete the related virulence genes,, but their safety and stability require further research. The clinical symptoms of ASF were related to the type of virus strain. The pathogenicity and mortality of the virulent strain were 100% .Wild pigs are more susceptible to ASFV infection than domestic pigs. In this paper, the infection routes of ASF, the clinical manifestations of different strains of ASF and the rule of virus-carrying and detoxication are reviewed, which is of great significance to the early diagnosis and monitoring of ASF.