防冻型消毒剂研究进展及在兽医临床上的应用

Research progress of antifreeze disinfectant and its application in veterinary clinic

关键词:  防冻型消毒剂  兽用消毒剂  畜禽养殖

Key words:  antifreeze disinfectant  disinfectant for animals  livestock and poultry breeding

摘要:

近年来，我国畜牧业综合生产能力显著增强，畜禽养殖业规模化、集约化不断加强，养殖密度过高，致使畜禽自身免疫力降低，畜禽感染疫病风险增加，畜禽疫病防控面临挑战。非洲猪瘟、口蹄疫、小反刍兽疫、高致病性禽流感等畜禽疫病的爆发和流行，暴露出生物安全防控存在薄弱环节，而消毒是生物安全防控的重要手段，是阻断畜禽疫病发生和传播最有效措施。然而在畜禽养殖生产中发现，冬季兽用防冻型消毒剂短缺，而我国在东北、内蒙和西北等多个地区秋冬季气温处于零下，通用消毒剂在低温环境下易发生冻结致使消毒效果下降甚至完全失效。对防冻型消毒剂的国内外研究进展、产品分类及临床应用进行了综述，为养殖场低温消毒提供参考并为防冻型消毒剂的研究提供科研指导。

Abstract:

In recent years, the comprehensive production capacity of animal husbandry in China has been significantly enhanced, the scale and intensification of livestock and poultry breeding industry has been continuously strengthened, and the breeding density is too high, resulting in the reduction of livestock and poultry immunity, the increase of livestock and poultry infection risk, and the prevention and control of livestock and poultry diseases are facing challengs. The outbreak and prevalence of African swine fever, foot-and-mouth disease, Peste des Petits ruminants, highly pathogenic avian influenza and other animal diseases have exposed the weak link in biosafety prevention and control, and disinfection is an important means of biosafety prevention and control, and is the most effective measure to stop the occurrence and spread of animal diseases. However, in livestock and poultry production, it is found that there is a shortage of antifreeze disinfectants for animals in winter, and the temperature in northeast China, Inner Mongolia and northwest China is below zero in autumn and winter, and the general disinfectant will freeze in the low temperature environment, resulting in a decrease in disinfection effect or even complete failure. The research progress, product classification and clinical application of antifreeze disinfectants at home and abroad were reviewed in order to provide reference for low-temperature disinfection of livestock farms and provide scientific guidance for the research of antifreeze disinfectants.