非洲猪瘟血清学诊断技术研究进展

Research Progress of African Swine Fever Serological Diagnosis Technology

关键词:  非洲猪瘟  血清学诊断  ELISA

Key words:  African swine fever  serological diagnosis  ELISA

摘要:

非洲猪瘟是一种病毒性、出血性、接触传播性疾病，具有极高的致死率。我国作为养猪大国，非洲猪瘟给我国造成巨大的经济损失。由于我国目前尚未有可用的商品化疫苗，只有尽早地发现非洲猪瘟并严格实施流行病学调查、消杀灭源才能有效防控非洲猪瘟。随着非洲猪瘟流行特征的变化，非典型临床病例、慢性感染猪逐渐增多，病毒血症不明显并且排毒不规律，仅靠病原学存在漏检可能，而血清学检测可作为病原学检测的补充，对于非洲猪瘟临床诊断具有重要意义。本文从流行病学、病毒结构、诊断标识以及现阶段常用的非洲猪瘟血清学检测方法进行综述，供非洲猪瘟血清学诊断研究以及疫情防控工作者参考。

Abstract:

African swine fever is a viral, hemorrhagic, contact-transmissible disease with exceptionally high lethality. As a major pig-rearing country, African swine fever has caused huge economic losses in China. Since there is no available commercial vaccine in China, the only way to effectively prevent and control African swine fever is to detect it as early as possible and strictly implement epidemiological investigation and elimination of the source. As the epidemiological characteristics of African swine fever change, the number of atypical clinical cases and chronically infected pigs gradually increases, and the viraemia is not obvious and the detoxification is irregular, so there is a possibility of missing detection by pathogenesis alone. Serological testing can be used as a supplement to pathogenetic testing, which are important for the clinical diagnosis of African swine fever. This paper reviews the epidemiology, virus structure, diagnostic markers, and the commonly used serological assays for African swine fever at this stage, for the reference of African swine fever serological diagnostic studies and epidemic prevention and control workers.